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state feminism
State feminism is feminism created or approved by the government of a state or nation. It usually specifies a particular program. The government may, at the same time, prohibit non-governmental organizations from advocating for any other feminist program.〔Badran, Margot, ''Feminism in Islam: Secular and Religious Convergences'' (Oxford, Eng.: Oneworld, 2009 (ISBN 978-1-85168-556-1)), p. 223 & n. 26 (author sr. fellow, Ctr. for Muslim Christian Understanding, Georgetown Univ., U.S., & fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Ctr. for Scholars, Washington, D.C.).〕
== Turkey ==
In the 20th century, Turkey's government "preempted feminism".〔Badran, Margot, ''Feminism in Islam'', ''op. cit.'', p. 302.〕 The Turkish national government's program in the 1920s included mandatory de-hijabicization (unveiling of women), access for women to more education and work, and political rights for women, all as part of a national effort to emulate some Western cultural characteristics in a Muslim nation.〔Badran, Margot, ''Feminism in Islam'', ''op. cit.'', p. 223.〕
In the 1980s, second-wave feminism appeared, among daughters of leading women of Turkey's Kemalist movement, the women being feminist within the government's definition and leadership.〔Badran, Margot, ''Feminism in Islam'', ''op. cit.'', p. 227.〕 The state feminism they followed, according to scholar Margot Badran, covered parts of patriarchy with an appearance of Western progressivity.〔Badran, Margot, ''Feminism in Islam'', ''op. cit.'', p. 227 (p. 227 n. 34 probably provides a supporting citation).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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